Blechnum novae-zelandiae
Notify MeBlechnum novae-zelandiae, commonly known as kiokio, is a robust and fast-spreading New Zealand native fern with long, leathery fronds that can reach up to a metre in length. New growth often emerges in copper or pink tones before maturing to deep green, creating seasonal contrast and strong visual texture in the landscape.
Ideal for native, rainforest, and woodland gardens, it is especially effective as a groundcover on banks, in shaded gullies, or along damp forest edges.
Thrives in partial to full shade and prefers moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. Tolerates occasional dry spells once established but performs best with consistent moisture. Space 60–90 cm apart for dense coverage.
Mature size reaches 60–100 cm tall with a spreading habit of up to 1.5 metres wide.
Trimming: Minimal pruning is needed. Remove old, damaged, or dead fronds at the base to maintain a neat appearance and encourage healthy new growth. Avoid cutting back healthy fronds, which are essential for the plant’s vigour.
Deadheading: Not applicable.
Fertilising: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertiliser in early spring if planted in poor soil. An annual mulch with leaf litter or compost is beneficial, mimicking its native forest floor conditions and supporting lush growth.
Watering: Keep soil consistently moist, particularly during dry periods and the establishment phase. Kiokio prefers damp, shaded environments and does not tolerate prolonged dryness. Mulch to retain moisture and keep roots cool.
Pest Control: Generally pest-free. Young fronds may occasionally be targeted by slugs or snails—use organic control methods if necessary.
Disease Management: Rarely affected by disease. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot, and remove any yellowing or diseased fronds to reduce fungal risk and maintain plant health.
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